Cardiologist's Note - Coronary Procedure Report
Procedure
Coronary angiography was carried out, including a left ventriculogram. A graft study was also performed to assess the patency of previously placed bypass grafts.
Indication
- Patient presented with stable angina pectoris, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Class III.
- Relevant past medical history includes hypercholesterolemia (LDL 3.2 mmol/L), hypertension (average BP 145/85 mmHg), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c 7.8%).
- Known history of coronary artery bypass grafting in 2018 (LIMA to LAD, SVG to OM1, SVG to PDA).
- Mild left ventricular impairment with an estimated ejection fraction of 45-50% on recent echocardiogram.
Pre-Procedure
Preprocedural antiplatelet therapy included 75mg Clopidogrel and 75mg Aspirin. The patient was anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin prior to the procedure. Metformin was withheld on the morning of the procedure.
Procedure
The procedure was performed via right femoral artery access, utilising a 6 French sheath.
A 6 French Judkins Left 4.0 catheter was successfully used for selective cannulation of the left coronary artery. A 6 French Judkins Right 4.0 catheter was used for selective cannulation of the right coronary artery. A 6 French Amplatz Left 1.0 catheter was used for the graft study.
The coronary anatomy is right dominant.
Left Main Stem: Smooth and normal, no significant disease.
Left Anterior Descending: Diffuse disease with moderate stenosis (50-60%) in the mid-segment. No significant occlusion.
Circumflex: Mild atheromatous changes with no flow-limiting stenosis.
Right: Focal severe stenosis (80%) in the proximal segment, with TIMI flow grade 2. Retrograde filling from the left circumflex artery is present.
Grafts.
LIMA to LAD: Patent with brisk flow, no significant stenosis.
SVG to OM1: Patent with diffuse mild disease, no flow-limiting stenosis.
SVG to PDA: Occluded at the distal anastomosis with no antegrade flow.
Left Ventriculogram
There was apical and infero-posterior hypokinesis. The estimated ejection fraction was 40%.
The LVEDP was 22 mmHg.
Right Heart Catheter
RA mean pressure: 8 mmHg
RV systolic pressure: 45 mmHg, end diastolic pressure: 10 mmHg
PA systolic: 45 mmHg, diastolic: 20 mmHg, mean: 30 mmHg
PCW mean pressure: 18 mmHg, v wave: 20 mmHg
Saturations and sampling locations:
- SVC: 68%
- RA: 70%
- RV: 70%
- PA: 72%
- PCW: 98%
No significant shunt identified.
Fick cardiac output: 4.5 L/min.
Transpulmonary gradient: 12 mmHg.
Pulmonary vascular resistance: 2.6 Wood Units.
Pressure Wire, IVUS, And OCT
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed in the Left Anterior Descending artery. It revealed significant plaque burden with minimum lumen area (MLA) of 2.8 mm2, confirming moderate stenosis.
Coronary Intervention
Right Coronary Artery:
Intervention was performed on the proximal Right Coronary Artery. A 6 French Judkins Right 4.0 guide catheter was used. A 0.014" Runthrough NS guidewire was advanced across the lesion. Predilation was performed with a 2.5 x 15 mm Maverick balloon at 12 atm. A 3.0 x 28 mm Xience Skypoint drug-eluting stent was deployed at 14 atm, achieving excellent angiographic result with TIMI 3 flow. Post-dilation was performed with a 3.25 x 12 mm non-compliant balloon. No periprocedural complications were observed.
Summary
The coronary angiography revealed a critical stenosis in the proximal Right Coronary Artery, which was successfully treated with drug-eluting stent implantation. The previously placed SVG to PDA graft was found to be occluded. The left ventriculogram showed reduced ejection fraction with regional wall motion abnormalities. The right heart catheterisation revealed elevated pulmonary pressures.
Plan
- Optimise antiplatelet therapy: continue Aspirin 75mg daily, switch Clopidogrel to Ticagrelor 90mg twice daily for 12 months.
- Intensify lipid-lowering therapy with high-dose statin and consider PCSK9 inhibitor.
- Referral to heart failure clinic for optimisation of medical therapy for reduced ejection fraction.
- Follow-up with cardiology in 3 months.
- DVLA advice given: No driving of Class I vehicles for at least one week following elective coronary intervention. For Class II vehicles, the patient must not drive and must inform the DVLA, who will consider relicensing if a satisfactory exercise test is performed.
Procedure
[The type of procedure performed, including whether coronary angiography, coronary imaging, or coronary intervention was carried out, whether a graft study was performed, and whether a right heart catheter or left ventriculogram was included] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in full sentences, with each sentence as a separate paragraph.)
Indication
[The detailed indication for the procedure and relevant past medical history, including cholesterol, HbA1c, and blood pressure values where stated, degree of left ventricular impairment or ejection fraction where stated, type and site of any coronary artery bypass grafts where stated, type and size of any valve replacements where stated, and any further narrative detail of the clinical history where stated] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Format each indication or relevant history item as a separate bullet point.)
Pre-Procedure
[Preprocedural antiplatelet therapy administered, whether the patient was anticoagulated, and any medications added or withheld prior to the procedure] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in full sentences, with each sentence as a separate paragraph.)
Procedure
[The laterality and site of vascular access, and the French size of sheath used] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as a full sentence, as its own paragraph.)
[The catheters used during the procedure and specifically which catheters were successfully used for which coronary arteries] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in full sentences, with each sentence as a separate paragraph.)
[Whether the coronary anatomy is left dominant, right dominant, or co-dominant] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as a full sentence, as its own paragraph.)
[Findings for each coronary artery, described as smooth and normal or with the degree and location of any disease, stenosis, or occlusion, including TIMI flow for any occluded vessel and whether retrograde filling is present and from which vessel] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write each vessel as its own paragraph using the following structure:
Left Main Stem: [findings]
Left Anterior Descending: [findings]
Circumflex: [findings]
Right: [findings])
[Findings for each bypass graft including type, site, and degree of disease or patency] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write each graft as its own paragraph under the heading Grafts.)
[Findings from the left ventriculogram including wall motion abnormalities and estimated ejection fraction] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in full sentences under the heading Left Ventriculogram, as its own paragraph.)
[The left ventricular end diastolic pressure in mmHg] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write as a full sentence in the format "The LVEDP was [value] mmHg.", as its own paragraph.)
Right Heart Catheter
[The haemodynamic measurements obtained during right heart catheterisation, including RA mean pressure in mmHg, RV systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure in mmHg, PA systolic, diastolic and mean pressures in mmHg, PCW mean pressure and v wave in mmHg, all measured saturations with their sampling locations, a summary of any shunt identified, Fick cardiac output in L/min, transpulmonary gradient calculated as mean PA pressure minus mean PCW pressure in mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance calculated as transpulmonary gradient divided by cardiac output in Wood Units] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write each pressure measurement as its own line. Present saturations and sampling locations as a bullet point list. Write the shunt summary, cardiac output, transpulmonary gradient, and pulmonary vascular resistance each as their own paragraph.)
Pressure Wire, IVUS, And OCT
[The equipment used for coronary pressure wire assessment, intravascular ultrasound, or optical coherence tomography, the vessels assessed, and the results including iFR value for each vessel where stated] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write in full sentences, with each vessel assessed as a separate paragraph.)
Coronary Intervention
[The details of each coronary intervention performed, including the vessel intervened upon, the guide catheter used, any equipment mentioned, technical points of the procedure, the type and size of any stent, balloon, or other equipment used, the procedural outcome, and any periprocedural complications] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Write each intervened vessel as a separate paragraph with the vessel name as a bold heading. Write in full sentences.)
Summary
[A summary of the procedure results and any change in diagnosis or clinical impression resulting from the procedure findings] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Never invent or infer a diagnosis. Write in full sentences, with each sentence as a separate paragraph.)
Plan
[The management plan following the procedure, including medications, follow-up arrangements, and any further investigations or interventions planned] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Format each plan item as a separate bullet point.)
[Driving advice based on the clinical context of the procedure] (Only include if explicitly mentioned in the transcript, contextual notes, or clinical note, else omit section entirely. Apply the following conditional logic: If the procedure was elective coronary intervention, include as a bullet point: "DVLA advice given: No driving of Class I vehicles for at least one week following elective coronary intervention. For Class II vehicles, the patient must not drive and must inform the DVLA, who will consider relicensing if a satisfactory exercise test is performed." If the procedure was performed in the context of an acute coronary syndrome, include as a bullet point: "DVLA advice given: Driving of Class I vehicles may resume after one week if there are no other significant coronary stenoses for which urgent revascularisation is planned within four weeks, ejection fraction is at least 40%, and there is no other disqualifying condition. For Class II vehicles, no driving is permitted following an acute coronary syndrome and the DVLA must be notified." If no intervention was performed and the procedure was diagnostic only, omit the driving advice bullet point entirely.)